..... |
2. |
High Concentration of U.S. Military Installations
and the Excessive
Burden of the U.S. - Japan Mutual Cooperation and Security Treaty
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|
- Roughly 25% of all facilities used by U.S. Forces
Japan are located in this
cramped prefecture, which comprises only 0.6% of Japan's total
land area.
- In addition, approximately 75% of the total land
area exclusively used by U.S.
Forces in Japan is located in Okinawa.
- In Okinawa :
Approx. 33% of the military bases are on private land.
Approx. 34% of the military bases are on national land.
Approx. 30% of the military bases are on municipally-owned land.
Approx. 3% of the military bases are on prefectural land.
- In central Okinawa, where most of the military
facilities are concentrated, 76%
of the land used by the U.S. military is private land.
- Cooperation from private landowners is essential
for effective conversion of the
military land to civilian use.
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Kadena Air Base
U.S. aircraft flying over the
major road
|
Camp Hansen
mountain exposing
its bare surface
from the live-fire exercises
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III. |
Social and Economic Impact
of U.S. Military Bases
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|
1. |
Bases Hinder Local Industrial
and Commercial Development
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|
1. |
Facilities that hinder the sound urban development: |
|
2. |
Facilities that hinder the industrial promotion: |
|
3. |
Facilities that hinder the expansion of transportation
and communication systems:
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|
2. |
Impact on the Local residents:
Incessant Exercises, and Countless Problems even after the Reversion
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|
1. |
The reoccurrence of accidents during military exercises
over the past twenty-six years after Okinawa's reversion to Japan
in 1972
(Updated up to the end of September 1999)
aircraft accidents
....................136 (38 are aircraft crashes)
brush fires
....................172 (area burned: approx. 1,782 ha)
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|
2. |
Aircraft noise (around Kadena Air Base and Futenma
Air Station) |
|
|
- Furthermore, a fiscal 1997 survey showed that
noise-levels exceeded the Japanese environmental standards at
10 out of 13 spots tested near Kadena Air Base and at 6 out
of 9 spots tested in the vicinity of Futenma Air Station.
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3. |
Live-fire artillery training over Prefectural Route
104 |
|
|
- Live-fire artillery training closed down Prefectural
Route 104. Since the training area is close to neighboring homes
and schools, the exercises had continuously posed a danger.
- In the December 1996 Final Report of the "Special
Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) " an agreement was reached
to relocate the live-fire artillery training in Okinawa to mainland
Japan within FY97. In June of that year, the Japanese and U.S.
governments agreed on the mainland training schedule for artillery
exercises at the U.S.-Japan Joint Committee.
The first live-fire artillery training was conducted at Kitafuji
Training Area in July 1997. With the commencement of this training
on mainland Japan, it ended such training on Okinawa.
.....Relocation sites: |
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|
- Kitafuji(Yamanashi Prefecture)
- Higashifuji (Shizuoka Prefecture)
- Hijudai (Oita Prefecture)
- Ojojibara (Miyagi Prefecture)
- Yausubetsu (Hokkaido)
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- Since 1973, when training began over Route 104,
until March of 1997, this training was conducted 180 times on
Okinawa.
|
|
4. |
Parachute drop training exercises at Yomitan Auxiliary
Airfield |
|
|
- There have been a number of incidents where parachutists
and military supplies have damaged nearby civilian property.
During a parachute exercise in 1965, a military trailer fell
on a home in Zakimi, killing a child.
- In May 1995, the U.S. - Japan Joint Committee
agreed that parachute drop training would be moved to Camp Hansen.
However, the plan was due to strong opposition from the local
community near Camp Hansen. Then in December 1996, the relocation
of the parachute training to Ie Jima Auxiliary Airfield was
announced in the Final Report of SACO.
- At this time, the parachute training at Yomitan
Auxiliary Airfield is not being conducted but this training
has yet to be moved to Ie Jima due to various reasons including
the strong opposition from the local community.
|
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5. |
Port calls by nuclear submarines (White Beach Area) |
|
|
- Nuclear submarines made 18 port calls to Okinawa
in 1994, exceeding all past records. In 1998, nuclear submarines
made 8 port calls to Okinawa.
|
|
6. |
Crimes committed by U.S. military and
related civilian personnel, and their dependents |
|
|
- As of December 1998, there have been 4,905 crime
committed by U.S. service personnel, its civilian employees,
or their dependents since the Reversion of Okinawa to Japan
in 1972. The crimes and accidents that emanate from the military
bases never seem to cease.
|
|
7. |
Environmental pollution caused by red
soil erosion and oil spills from military bases |
|
|
- At Camp Hansen, live firing exercises have caused
red soil erosion at the targeted mountain, leading to the pollution
of the nearby body of water, Kin Bay.
- Leakage of raw sewage and oil materials from treatment
facilities have been responsible for the pollution of rivers
and other nearby bodies of water.
- At Onna Communication Site, which was returned
in 1995, contaminated toxic substances, such as PCBs and mercury
exceeding the accepted environmental pollution limit, were detected
in the dirt left inside the purification tanks. Because it took
over two years to cleanup the contamination, the reutilization
plans for this facility have been delayed.
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3.
|
Prefectural Economic
Dependency on Military Bases
|
|
|
fiscal 1996
|
Expenditure of military personnel & civilian
employees
|
50.5
billion
|
Income of Okinawan employees on base
|
52.8
billion
|
Rent for land occupied by military facilities
|
70.4
billion
|
Income from military-related
transactionsTotal |
173.7
billion
(total)
|
Economic dependency on bases
(Percentage of gross prefectural expenditure)
|
4.9 %
|
Number of Okinawan employees on bases
|
8,443
(May 1972)
(as of March 1998)
|
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IV. |
The Return of Military Land
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1.
|
Slow Rate of Progress
|
|
|
- Percentage of land returned so far totals only
17.1%.
- May 1972: 87 facilities/areas 28,661 ha
------------
Mar.1999: 38facilities/areas 23,759 ha
- Percentage of returned facilities used exclusively
by the U.S.
military (land area) Okinawa Prefecture
May 1972 27,850 ha -----
Mar. 1999 23,759 ha
|
|
2. |
Reduction and realignment of U.S.
military bases to reflect the will of the prefectural citizens
|
V. |
SACO
|
|
1. |
The Central Government's Response
(SACO Final Report)
|
|
|
- In November 1995, the Japanese and the U.S. governments
co-established the Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO)
under the auspices of the U.S. - Japan Security Consultative
Committee (SCC) to discuss the efficient reduction, consolidation,
and realignment of U.S. military bases in Okinawa. At the SCC
on December 2, 1996, the findings from studies done to date
were reported in the SACO Final Report. The following is an
outline of the report:
- Fundamental Points
1.The impact caused by U.S. military activities in Okinawa
shall be reduced, while fully maintaining the capabilities and
readiness of U.S. Forces Japan.
2.Approximately 21% (approx. 5,002 ha) of the total acreage
of U.S. facilities and areas in Okinawa (excluding jointly used
facilities) shall be returned.
3.When in the implementation phase, coordination of specific
conditions for the completion of each item of SACO shall be
addressed at the U.S. - Japan Joint Committee.
4.The SCC instructed the Security Sub-Committee to work
on Okinawa's problems as one of its main concerns and also to
submit its report regularly to the SCC.
- Return of Land
Name of Facility area of land (ha)
1.Futenma Air Station *......................................
2.Northern Training Area ....................................
3.Aha Training Area (joint use)............................
4.Ginbaru Training Area *....................................
5.Sobe Communications Site *...........................
6.Yomitan Auxiliary Airfield *..............................
7.Camp Kuwae *...............................................
8.Senaha Communications Station *....................
9.Makiminato Service Area..................................
10.Naha Port *..................................................
11.Housing consolidation of Camp Zukeran..........
|
481
3,987
480
60
53
191
99
61
3
57
83
|
*conditional
on its relocation
|
|
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- Adjustment of Training and Operational Procedures
1.Live fire artillery training over Prefectural Route
104 shall be terminated once the training is relocated to a
maneuver area on mainland Japan within fiscal 1997.
2.Parachute drop training shall be relocated to Ie Jima
Auxiliary Airfield.
3.Marching drills on public roads have already been terminated.
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